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The Damascus Document Scroll, 4Q271D f, found in Cave 4 at Qumran The Damascus Document [ a ] is an ancient Hebrew text known from both the Cairo Geniza and the Dead Sea Scrolls . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is considered one of the foundational documents of the ancient Jewish community of Qumran .
Strugnell and Qimron date the original composition of 4QMMT at c.150 BCE. This early date is proposed based on an evaluation of its content. The congenial tone of the letter from the author to the recipients suggests a composition of the text to a time either before or contemporaneous with the earliest organizational stages of the Qumran community. [3]
Ottoman Rule in Damascus, 1708–1758. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400853205. Burns, Ross (2007), Damascus: A History, Routledge, ISBN 9781134488490; Saliba, Najib E. (1978). "The Achievements of Midhat Pasha as Governor of the Province of Syria, 1878–1880". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 9 (3): 307– 323.
The Community Rule (Hebrew: סרך היחד), which is designated 1QS and was previously referred to as the Manual of Discipline, is one of the first scrolls to be discovered near the ruins of Qumran, the scrolls found in the eleven caves between 1947 and 1954 are now referred to simply as the Dead Sea Scrolls.
The Damascus Declaration (Arabic: إعلان دمشق) was a statement of unity by Syrian opposition figures issued in October 2005. It criticized the Assad regime as " authoritarian , totalitarian and cliquish ," and called for "peaceful, gradual," reform "founded on accord, and based on dialogue and recognition of the other."
The Damascus Protocol was a document given to Faisal bin Hussein on 23 May 1915 by the Arab secret societies al-Fatat and al-'Ahd [1] on his second visit to Damascus during a mission to consult Turkish officials in Constantinople.
The History of Damascus, it is considered one of the largest and most important books in the history of Islam. In it, the author dealt with the history of the city of Damascus, and spoke about the biographies of notables and narrators and their narrations from everyone who lived, neighboring, or passed through the city of Damascus.
Taqi ad-Din also described a steam turbine with the practical application of rotating a spit in 1551. [3] He worked on and created astronomical clocks for his observatory. [4] Taqi ad-Din also wrote a book on optics, in which he determined the light emitted from objects, proved the Law of Reflection observationally, and worked on refraction. [5]