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Exon trapping or 'gene trapping' is a molecular biology technique that exploits the existence of the intron-exon splicing to find new genes. [13] The first exon of a 'trapped' gene splices into the exon that is contained in the insertional DNA .
Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. It is a process through which two or more exons from different genes can be brought together ectopically , or the same exon can be duplicated , to create a new exon-intron structure. [ 1 ]
Exon skipping is used to restore the reading frame within a gene. Genes are the genetic instructions for creating a protein, and are composed of introns and exons.Exons are the sections of DNA that contain the instruction set for generating a protein; they are interspersed with non-coding regions called introns.
Exon trapping is a molecular biology technique to identify potential exons in a fragment of eukaryote DNA of unknown intron-exon structure. [1] This is done to determine if the fragment is part of an expressed gene .
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA ().It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions).
An exon junction complex (EJC) is a protein complex which forms on a pre-messenger RNA strand at the junction of two exons which have been joined together during RNA splicing. The EJC has major influences on translation , surveillance , localization of the spliced mRNA , and m 6 A methylation .
Exome sequencing is especially effective in the study of rare Mendelian diseases, because it is an efficient way to identify the genetic variants in all of an individual's genes.
Another theory is that the spliceosome and the intron-exon structure of genes is a relic of the RNA world (the introns-first hypothesis). [47] There is still considerable debate about the extent to which of these hypotheses is most correct but the popular consensus at the moment is that following the formation of the first eukaryotic cell ...