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He observed the formation of conical structures on water which are commonly now called Taylor cones. Other early studies noting the interaction of static electricity with water and reported in the English language include: Francis Hauksbee "Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects". (1719)
Armstrong Hydroelectric Machine. The Armstrong effect is the physical process by which static electricity is produced by the friction of a fluid. It was first discovered in 1840 when an electrical spark resulted from water droplets being swept out by escaping steam from a boiler.
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can move away by an electric current or electrical discharge . The word "static" is used to differentiate it from current electricity , where an electric charge flows through an electrical conductor .
Hygroelectricity is a type of static electricity that forms on water droplets and can be transferred from droplets to small dust particles. The phenomenon is common in the Earth's atmosphere but has also been observed in the steam escaping from boilers (see Armstrong effect).
The generation of static electricity from the relative motion of liquids or gases is well established, with one of the first analyses in 1886 by Lord Kelvin in his water dropper which used falling drops to create an electric generator. [114]
A battery of four water-filled Leyden jars, Museum Boerhaave, Leiden. Ewald Georg von Kleist was the dean at the cathedral of Cammin in Pomerania, a region now divided between Germany and Poland. Von Kleist is credited with first using the fluid analogy for electricity and demonstrated this to Bose by drawing sparks from water with his finger. [8]
The concept of an electrostatic generator in which charge is mechanically transported in small amounts into the interior of a high-voltage electrode originated with the Kelvin water dropper, invented in 1867 by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), [3] in which charged drops of water fall into a bucket with the same polarity charge, adding to the charge. [4]
Static charge neutralization, as applied through antistatic devices like ionizing bars; Refrigeration of electronic devices by forced convection [5] Coronas can be used to generate charged surfaces, which is an effect used in electrostatic copying (photocopying). They can also be used to remove particulate matter from air streams by first ...