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Clofazimine, sold under the brand name Lamprene, is a medication used together with rifampicin and dapsone to treat leprosy. [1] It is specifically used for multibacillary (MB) leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum . [ 2 ]
Dapsone is commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine for the treatment of leprosy. [4] It is also used to both treat and prevent pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). [ 4 ] [ 10 ] It is also used for toxoplasmosis in people unable to tolerate trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole .
On October 16, 2007, it was given the status of Orphan drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB bacteria. [3]
Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and an increase in plasma chloride concentration [1] (see anion gap for a fuller explanation).
This mechanism involves the direct effects of antipsychotic drugs on glutamate receptors. By using the technique of functional neurochemical assay chlorpromazine and phenothiazine derivatives have been shown to have inhibitory effects on NMDA receptors that appeared to be mediated by action at the Zn site. It was found that there is an increase ...
[medical citation needed] Elucidation of the exact mechanism of action is ongoing but there is limited study due to the existence of more effective, safe muscle relaxants (e.g., diazepam, cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine), greatly limiting the potential benefit of identifying novel compounds which share chlorzoxazone's mechanism of action.
The mechanism of action of rufinamide is not fully understood. There is some evidence that rufinamide can modulate the gating of voltage-gated sodium channels, [8] [9] a common target for antiepileptic drugs. [10]
It works to enhance the action of the neurotransmitter GABA at this receptor. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and produces anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and hypnotic effects. Clomethiazole appears to also have another mechanism of action mediating some of its hypothermic and neuroprotective effects. [4]