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The Essenes (/ ˈ ɛ s iː n z, ɛ ˈ s iː n z /; Hebrew: אִסִּיִים , ʾĪssīyīm; Greek: Ἐσσηνοί, Ἐσσαῖοι, or Ὀσσαῖοι, Essenoi, Essaioi, Ossaioi) or Essenians were a mystic Jewish sect during the Second Temple period that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE.
Josephus' Jewish Antiquities [3] states that there were three main Jewish sects at this time, the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes. The Zealots were a "fourth sect", founded by Judas of Galilee (also called Judas of Gamala) in 6 CE against the Census of Quirinius, shortly after the Roman Empire declared what had most recently been the ...
The Essenes community believed gentiles, including proselytes, were ritually impure, but the Essenes were even stricter and regarded other Jews as impure until they completed a prolonged initiation ritual. Likewise, the Zealots and Sicarii held xenophobic views but were willing to ally with Idumeans (or Edomites).
In the latter years of the period, Jewish society was deeply polarized along ideological lines, and the sects of the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots, and early Christianity were formed. Important Jewish writings were also composed during the Second Temple period, including portions of the Hebrew Bible, such as the books of Ezra, Nehemiah ...
During this period serious theological differences emerged between the Sadducees and Pharisees. Whereas Sadducees favored a limited interpretation of the Torah, Pharisees debated new applications of the law and devised ways for all Jews to incorporate purity practices (hitherto limited to the Jerusalem Temple, see also Ministry of Jesus#Ritual cleanliness) in their everyday lives.
People participate in a Tashlich ritual organized by Jewish Voice for Peace to mark the one-year anniversary of Hamas attack on Israel and calling for a ceasefire, on October 6, 2024 in Los ...
In New Jersey, there were 512 bias incidents targeting Jewish people in 2023 through October, according to state police data, already more than the 446 reported in all of 2022.
Menahem the Essene [1] (Hebrew: מנחם) was a Jewish tanna sage living during the era of the Zugot (lit. "pairs"). As such, he was "paired" with Hillel the Elder and served as Av Beit Din . The Mishnah states he "went forth [out]", and as a result of that he was replaced by Shammai , who became from that point on the zug of Hillel. [ 2 ]