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The attendant wears a full hazmat suit due to the hazards of the hypergolic fuel hydrazine, here being loaded onto the MESSENGER space probe. A hypergolic propellant is a rocket propellant combination used in a rocket engine, whose components spontaneously ignite when they come into contact with each other.
Minimizing the mass of propellant required to achieve a given change in velocity is crucial to building effective rockets. The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation shows that for a rocket with a given empty mass and a given amount of propellant, the total change in velocity it can accomplish is proportional to the effective exhaust velocity.
The AJ10 is a hypergolic rocket engine manufactured by Aerojet Rocketdyne (previously Aerojet).It has been used to propel the upper stages of several launch vehicles, including the Delta II and Titan III.
Apogee engines typically use one fuel and one oxidizer. This propellant is usually, but not restricted to, [7] a hypergolic combination such as: N 2 H 4 / N 2 O 4, MMH/ N 2 O 4, UDMH/ N 2 O 4. Hypergolic propellant combinations ignite upon contact within the engine combustion chamber and offer very high ignition reliability, as well as the ...
The Vikas (a portmanteau from initials of VIKram Ambalal Sarabhai [5] [6]) is a family of hypergolic liquid fuelled rocket engines conceptualized and designed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre in the 1970s. [7] [8] The design was based on the licensed version of the Viking engine with the chemical pressurisation system. [9]
The ascent propulsion system (APS) or lunar module ascent engine (LMAE) is a fixed-thrust hypergolic rocket engine developed by Bell Aerosystems for use in the Apollo Lunar Module ascent stage. It used Aerozine 50 fuel, and N 2 O 4 oxidizer.
The RD-119 (GRAU Index 8D710) was a liquid rocket engine, burning liquid oxygen and UDMH in the gas-generator cycle. [3] It has a huge expansion ratio on the nozzle and uses a unique propellant combination to achieve an extremely high isp of 352 s for a semi-cryogenic gas-generator engine.
It is powered by a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) oxidizer. [2] This combination is hypergolic, meaning the two substances ignite on contact, eliminating the need for an external ignition source. The RD-855 can orient its chambers within a range of ±42° using hydraulic ...