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Dryads, like all nymphs, were supernaturally long-lived and, like many, were tied to their homes, but some were a step beyond most nymphs. These were the hamadryads , who were an integral part of their trees, such that if the tree died, the hamadryad associated with it also died.
Nymphs are divided into various broad subgroups based on their habitat, [4] such as the Meliae (ash tree nymphs), the Dryads (oak tree nymphs), the Alseids (grove nymphs), the Naiads (spring nymphs), the Nereids (sea nymphs), the Oceanids (ocean nymphs), the Oreads (mountain nymphs), and the Epimeliads (apple tree and flock nymphs).
In Greek mythology, the naiads (/ ˈ n aɪ æ d z, ˈ n eɪ æ d z,-ə d z /; Ancient Greek: ναϊάδες, romanized: naïádes), sometimes also hydriads, [1] are a type of female spirit, or nymph, presiding over fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of fresh water.
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual. In asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce without the involvement of another organism.
The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH) proposes that the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cool period at the end of the Last Glacial Period, around 12,900 years ago was the result of some kind of cosmic event with specific details varying between publications. [1]:
The homonymic names for an epimelias (Ἐπιμηλιάς) relates them to both fruit trees and flock animals giving them their dual role. Their hair is white, much like apple blossoms or undyed wool. Like other dryads, they can shape-shift from trees to humans. They are also known to be the guardians of the tree that the Golden Fleece was kept on.
[9] [10] [11] This type of reproduction has been induced artificially in a number of animal species that naturally reproduce through sex, including fish, amphibians, and mice. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Some species reproduce exclusively by parthenogenesis (such as the bdelloid rotifers ), while others can switch between sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis.
Although most plants normally reproduce sexually, many can reproduce vegetatively, or can be induced to do so via hormonal treatments. This is because meristematic cells capable of cellular differentiation are present in many plant tissues. Vegetative propagation is usually considered a cloning method. [8]