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However, it has also been suggested that entheogens played an important role in ancient Indo-European culture, for example by inclusion in the ritual preparations of the Soma, the "pressed juice" that is the subject of Book 9 of the Rigveda.
The Maya, Olmecs, and Aztecs have well-documented entheogenic complexes. [3] North American cultures also have a tradition of entheogens. In South America, especially in Peru, the archaeological study of cultures like Chavin, Cupisnique, Nazca [4] and Moche, [5] have demonstrated the use of entheogens through archaeobotanical, iconographic and paraphernalia.
These substances are considered entheogens because they were used to communicate with divine powers. "Entheogen," an alternative term for hallucinogen or psychedelic drug , derived from ancient Greek words ἔνθεος ( entheos , meaning "full of the god, inspired, possessed") and γενέσθαι ( genesthai , meaning "to come into being").
Some synthetic substances like 4-AcO-DMT are thought to be prodrugs that metabolize into psychoactive substances that have been used as entheogens. While synthetic DMT and mescaline are reported to have identical entheogenic qualities as extracted or plant-based sources, the experience may wildly vary due to the lack of numerous psychoactive ...
There are many pieces of archaeological evidence in reference to the use of entheogens early in the history of Mesoamerica. Olmec burial sites with remains of the Bufo toad (Bufo marinus), Maya mushroom effigies, [dubious – discuss] and Spanish writings all point to a heavy involvement with psychoactive substances in the Aztec lifestyle.
In ancient Germanic paganism, cannabis was possibly associated with the Norse love goddess, Freya. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Linguistics offers further evidence of prehistoric use of cannabis by Germanic peoples: The word hemp derives from Old English hænep , from Proto-Germanic * hanapiz , from the same Scythian word that cannabis derives from. [ 35 ]
Researchers have recreated the scent of an ancient Egyptian mummification balm that was used to preserve a noblewoman more than 3,500 years ago. A newly resurrected ancient smell may help reveal ...
Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion, with R. Gordon Wasson, Stella Kramrisch and Jonathan Ott (1988) Latin: A Concise Structural Course (1987) Ancient Greek: A New Approach (1972, 2nd ed. 1979)