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To do so, Tryon created an experiment that tested the proficiency of successive generations of rats in completing a maze. He initiated the experiment by exposing a genetically diverse group of rats to the maze, labeling those who made the fewest errors “bright”, and those with the most errors “dull”.
Behavioral epigenetics is the field of study examining the role of epigenetics in shaping animal and human behavior. [1] It seeks to explain how nurture shapes nature, [2] where nature refers to biological heredity [3] and nurture refers to virtually everything that occurs during the life-span (e.g., social-experience, diet and nutrition, and exposure to toxins). [4]
The term and concept derive from a series of over-population experiments Calhoun conducted on Norway rats between 1958 and 1962. [1] In the experiments, Calhoun and his researchers created a series of "rat utopias" [ 2 ] – enclosed spaces where rats were given unlimited access to food and water, enabling unfettered population growth.
Upon further investigation, however, it was revealed that the infants had been intentionally separated and placed with families having different parenting styles and economic levels—one blue-collar, one middle-class, and one affluent—as an experiment on human subjects. During the film, the question is asked by the siblings if perhaps they ...
Scientists hope that these human-rat transplants will help them study how genetic mutations influence brain circuits and affect how people behave. Rats' behavior changed after human tissue was ...
With animal training it is often questioned if the training and shaping is the cause of a behaviour exhibited by an animal (nurture), or if the behaviour is actually innate to the species (nature). [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Instinctive drift centers around the nature of behaviour more so than learning being the sole cause of a behaviour.
[2] [3] Behavioural genetic concepts also existed during the English Renaissance, where William Shakespeare perhaps first coined the phrase "nature versus nurture" in The Tempest, where he wrote in Act IV, Scene I, that Caliban was "A devil, a born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick". [3] [4]
The authors, born in New York City in 1968 to Leda Witt, daughter of Nathan Witt, were separated as infants, in part, to participate in a "nature versus nurture" twin study. [2] They were adopted by separate families in the New York area who were unaware that each girl had a twin sister. [3]