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  2. Uses and gratifications theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_and_gratifications_theory

    Uses and gratifications theory was developed from a number of prior communication theories and research conducted by fellow theorists. The theory has a heuristic value because it gives communication scholars a "perspective through which a number of ideas and theories about media choice, consumption, and even impact can be viewed". [11] [12] [13 ...

  3. Lasswell's model of communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasswell's_model_of...

    Despite being widely seen as a model of communication, not everyone agrees that this is an accurate characterization. [2] A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components.

  4. Law of effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_effect

    The law of effect, or Thorndike's law, is a psychology principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1898 on the matter of behavioral conditioning (not then formulated as such) which states that "responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a ...

  5. Positive and normative economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_normative...

    Positive economics focuses on the description, quantification and explanation of economic phenomena, [1] while normative economics discusses prescriptions for what actions individuals or societies should or should not take. [2] The positive-normative distinction is related to the subjective-objective and fact-value distinctions in philosophy. [3]

  6. Influence of mass media - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_of_mass_media

    [1] Media influence is the actual force exerted by a media message, resulting in either a change or reinforcement in audience or individual beliefs. Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics.

  7. Language expectancy theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_expectancy_theory

    The theory views language expectancies as enduring patterns of anticipated communication behavior which are grounded in a society's psychological and cultural norms.Such societal forces influence language and enable the identification of non-normative use; violations of linguistic, syntactic and semantic expectations will either facilitate or inhibit an audience's receptivity to persuasion. [2]

  8. Expected utility hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_utility_hypothesis

    The theory of subjective expected utility combines two concepts: first, a personal utility function, and second, a personal probability distribution (usually based on Bayesian probability theory). This theoretical model has been known for its clear and elegant structure and is considered by some researchers to be "the most brilliant axiomatic ...

  9. Hypodermic needle model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle_model

    Similarly, the "Hypodermic Needle Model" uses the same idea of the "shooting" paradigm. It suggests that the media injects its messages straight into the passive audience. [3] This passive audience is immediately affected by these messages. The public essentially cannot escape from the media's influence, and is therefore considered a "sitting ...