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In mathematics, general topology (or point set topology) is the branch of topology that deals with the basic set-theoretic definitions and constructions used in topology. It is the foundation of most other branches of topology, including differential topology , geometric topology , and algebraic topology .
Kelley's 1955 text, General Topology, which eventually appeared in three editions and several translations, is a classic and widely cited graduate-level introduction to topology. An appendix sets out a new approach to axiomatic set theory, now called Morse–Kelley set theory, that builds on Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory.
Continuum (topology) Extended real number line; Long line (topology) Sierpinski space; Cantor set, Cantor space, Cantor cube; Space-filling curve; Topologist's sine curve; Uniform norm; Weak topology; Strong topology; Hilbert cube; Lower limit topology; Sorgenfrey plane; Real tree; Compact-open topology; Zariski topology; Kuratowski closure ...
In mathematics, general topology or point set topology is that branch of topology which studies properties of general topological spaces (which may not have further structure; for example, they may not be manifolds), and structures defined on them.
In point-set topology, Kuratowski's closure-complement problem asks for the largest number of distinct sets obtainable by repeatedly applying the set operations of closure and complement to a given starting subset of a topological space. The answer is 14. This result was first published by Kazimierz Kuratowski in 1922. [1]
110 Differential Algebraic Topology: From Stratifolds to Exotic Spheres, Matthias Kreck (2010, ISBN 978-0-8218-4898-2) 111 Ricci Flow and the Sphere Theorem, Simon Brendle (2010, ISBN 978-0-8218-4938-5) 112 Optimal Control of Partial Differential Equations: Theory, Methods and Applications, Fredi Troltzsch (2010, ISBN 978-0-8218-4904-0)
In 1936, Franz habilited in the field of algebraic topology under Kurt Reidemeister in Marburg. In 1937 he moved to the University of Giessen, where he taught as a lecturer from 1939 onwards. Franz wanted to change to Frankfurt in 1940, but in the summer of 1940 he was promoted to the command post of the Wehrmacht.
The Stone–Čech compactification of the topological space X is a compact Hausdorff space βX together with a continuous map i X : X → βX that has the following universal property: any continuous map f : X → K, where K is a compact Hausdorff space, extends uniquely to a continuous map βf : βX → K, i.e. (βf)i X = f.