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12. “The law is reason, free from passion.” 13. “The aim of the wise is not to secure pleasure, but to avoid pain.” 14. “We can do noble acts without ruling the earth and sea.”
In Aristotle's psychology and biology, the intellect is the soul (see also eudaimonia). According to Giovanni Reale, the first Unmoved Mover is a living, thinking, and personal God who "possesses the theoretical knowledge alone or in the highest degree...knows not only Himself, but all things in their causes and first principles." [20]
Aristotle analyzed the golden mean in the Nicomachean Ethics Book II: That virtues of character can be described as means. It was subsequently emphasized in Aristotelian virtue ethics. [1] For example, in the Aristotelian view, courage is a virtue, but if taken to excess would manifest as recklessness, and, in deficiency, cowardice. The middle ...
Philo of Alexandria, a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, also recognized the four cardinal virtues as prudence, temperance, courage, and justice. In his writings, he states: In these words Moses intends to sketch out the particular virtues. And they also are four in number, prudence, temperance, courage, and justice.
Plato and Aristotle, Fresco from The School of Athens in the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. Virtuous pagan is a concept in Christian theology that addressed the fate of the unlearned—the issue of nonbelievers who were never evangelized and consequently during their lifetime had no opportunity to recognize Christ, but nevertheless led virtuous lives, so that it seemed objectionable to ...
KJV: "Let us not fight against God." Modern versions (RV): (omitted without a note) Reason: This phrase, which also appears in Acts 5:39, does not appear in the earliest and best resources – p 74, א,A,B,C (original hand) ,E,Ψ, Latin, Syriac, and others – and does not appear until H,L, and P (all 9th century). As the original verse ended ...
The chain of being hierarchy has God at the top, [7] above angels, which like him are entirely spirit, without material bodies, and hence unchangeable. [8] Beneath them are humans, consisting both of spirit and matter; they change and die, and are thus essentially impermanent. [9] Lower are animals and plants.
The theological virtues are those named by Paul the Apostle in 1 Corinthians 13: "And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love." [ 5 ] The third virtue is also commonly referred to as "charity", as this is how the influential King James Bible translated the Greek word agape .