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2. Statement (logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(logic)

   In the latter case, a (declarative) sentence is just one way of expressing an underlying statement. A statement is what a sentence means, it is the notion or idea that a sentence expresses, i.e., what it represents. For example, it could be said that "2 + 2 = 4" and "two plus two equals four" are two different sentences expressing the same ...

3. Logical form - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Form

   A logical argument, seen as an ordered set of sentences, has a logical form that derives from the form of its constituent sentences; the logical form of an argument is sometimes called argument form. [6] Some authors only define logical form with respect to whole arguments, as the schemata or inferential structure of the argument. [7]

4. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

   Logical reasoning happens by inferring a conclusion from a set of premises. [3] Premises and conclusions are normally seen as propositions. A proposition is a statement that makes a claim about what is the case. In this regard, propositions act as truth-bearers: they are either true or false. [18] [19] [3] For example, the sentence "The water ...

5. Glossary of logic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_logic

   The three-valued logic K 3, due to Stephen Cole Kleene. Kleene connectives Logical connectives defined using Kleene's three-valued logic, which includes a third truth value (undefined or unknown) in addition to true and false, accommodating indeterminate propositions. [172] knaves In logic puzzles, individuals who always lie.

6. Propositional formula - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_formula

   The predicate calculus goes a step further than the propositional calculus to an "analysis of the inner structure of propositions" [4] It breaks a simple sentence down into two parts (i) its subject (the object (singular or plural) of discourse) and (ii) a predicate (a verb or possibly verb-clause that asserts a quality or attribute of the object(s)).

7. Sentence (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(mathematical_logic)

   In mathematical logic, a sentence (or closed formula) [1] of a predicate logic is a Boolean-valued well-formed formula with no free variables. A sentence can be viewed as expressing a proposition, something that must be true or false. The restriction of having no free variables is needed to make sure that sentences can have concrete, fixed ...

8. Propositional calculus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_calculus

   Propositional logic, as currently studied in universities, is a specification of a standard of logical consequence in which only the meanings of propositional connectives are considered in evaluating the conditions for the truth of a sentence, or whether a sentence logically follows from some other sentence or group of sentences.

9. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_quick_brown_fox_jumps...

   In an article titled "Current Notes" in the February 9, 1885, edition, the phrase is mentioned as a good practice sentence for writing students: "A favorite copy set by writing teachers for their pupils is the following, because it contains every letter of the alphabet: 'A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ' " [1] Dozens of other ...