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C. botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium. [1] It is an obligate anaerobe, the organism survives in an environment that lacks oxygen.However, C. botulinum tolerates traces of oxygen due to the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. [7]
Botulism can occur in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Botulism has been reported in such species as rats, mice, chicken, frogs, toads, goldfish, aplysia, squid, crayfish, drosophila and leeches. [95] Death from botulism is common in waterfowl; an estimated 10,000 to 100,000 birds die of botulism annually. The disease is commonly called ...
Spores of Clostridium botulinum can survive cooking at 100 °C (212 °F), [5] and, in the anaerobic neutral pH storage environment, result in botulism. Often when making potted meat, the meat of only one animal was used, [ 3 ] [ 2 ] although other recipes, such as the Flemish potjevleesch , used three or four different meats (animals).
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Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria.Species of Clostridium inhabit soils and the intestinal tracts of animals, including humans. [1] This genus includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agents of botulism and tetanus.
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. [25]
In the latest cases, patients "reported symptoms similar to botulism such as blurred/double vision, droopy face, fatigue, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, hoarse voice following ...
Lentigo in cats is a common dermatological condition characterized by the presence of small, flat, brownish spots on the skin — particularly around the lips, nose, and eyelid margins. Unlike in ...