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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs arise in the smooth muscle pacemaker interstitial cell of Cajal, or similar cells. [2] They are defined as tumors whose behavior is driven by mutations in the KIT gene (85%), [2] PDGFRA gene (10%), [2] or BRAF kinase (rare).
It is a heterogeneous tumor composed of three different cell populations. The giant-cell tumour stromal cells (GCTSC) constitute the neoplastic cells, [3] which are from an osteoblastic origin and are classified based on expression of osteoblast cell markers such as alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. In contrast, the mononuclear histiocytic ...
The prognosis for these types of tumors depends heavily on the size of the tumor and the rate of mitosis, however approximately 60 percent of GISTs are diagnosed as benign. [4] Surgery to remove the tumor is the primary treatment method, although imatinib, everolimus, and rapamycin may soon be approved as alternative treatment and management ...
Primary tumors will commonly metastasize into the bone. Breast and prostate cancers typically have a greater chance of inducing secondary cancers within bone. [ 19 ] Stephen Paget 's seed and soil theory suggests, the microenvironment in bone creates a sufficient ‘soil’ for secondary tumors to grow in.
SRCC cancers are usually diagnosed during the late stages of the disease, so the tumors generally spread more aggressively than non-signet cancers, making treatment challenging. [19] In the future, case studies indicate that bone marrow metastases will likely play a larger role in the diagnosis and management of signet ring cell gastric cancer ...
Before the micrometastases colonize at a distant site, the tumor cells can be found in the bone marrow or peripheral blood. [3] Tumor cells found in the bone marrow are known as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), and those found in the peripheral blood are known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells have successfully left the primary ...
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). [1] [4] Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from lung, breast, thyroid, kidney and prostate. [1] There may be a lump, pain, or neurological signs from pressure. [1]
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor of the stomach. It's a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach. [10] Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas, which can be divided into a number of subtypes, including gastric adenocarcinomas. [2]