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Neon gas-discharge lamps forming neon's element symbol. Neon was discovered in 1898 by the British chemists Sir William Ramsay (1852–1916) and Morris Travers (1872–1961) in London. [11] Neon was discovered when Ramsay chilled a sample of air until it became a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the gases as they boiled off.
A vapor can exist in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid), in which case the gas pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid (or solid). A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a gas whose temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure respectively. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears.
Liquid protodermis functions similar to water; solid protodermis can function as earth, stone, or metal. Organic protodermis forms the biological components of the characters. A naturally-occurring form, Energized Protodermis, is a silver-colored liquid that is a sapient being, and can transform or destroy any living thing that touches it.
Ramsay continued his search for these gases using the method of fractional distillation to separate liquid air into several components. In 1898, he discovered the elements krypton , neon , and xenon , and named them after the Greek words κρυπτός ( kryptós , "hidden"), νέος ( néos , "new"), and ξένος ( ksénos , "stranger ...
Nine of the 23 nonmetallic elements are gases, or form compounds that are gases, and are extracted from natural gas or liquid air. These elements include hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, sulfur, argon, krypton, and xenon. For example, nitrogen and oxygen are extracted from air through fractional distillation of liquid air.
Solid argon-hydrogen clathrate (Ar(H 2) 2) has the same crystal structure as the MgZn 2 Laves phase. It forms at pressures between 4.3 and 220 GPa, though Raman measurements suggest that the H 2 molecules in Ar(H 2) 2 dissociate above 175 GPa. A similar Kr(H 2) 4 solid forms at pressures above 5 GPa. It has a face-centered cubic structure where ...
Lithium is the first alkali metal in the periodic table, [note 1] and the first metal of any kind in the periodic table. [note 2] At standard temperature and pressure, lithium is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. With a density of 0.564 g⋅cm −3, lithium is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. [6]
A General Electric NE-34 glow lamp, manufactured circa 1930. Neon was discovered in 1898 by William Ramsay and Morris Travers.The characteristic, brilliant red color that is emitted by gaseous neon when excited electrically was noted immediately; Travers later wrote, "the blaze of crimson light from the tube told its own story and was a sight to dwell upon and never forget."