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The Central Tano or Akan languages are a pair of dialect clusters of the Niger-Congo family (or perhaps the theorised Kwa languages [1]) spoken in Ghana and Ivory Coast by the Akan people. There are two or three languages, each with dialects that are sometimes treated as languages themselves: [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Akan (/ ə ˈ k æ n / [2]) is the largest language of Ghana, and the principal native language of the Akan people, spoken over much of the southern half of Ghana. [3] About 80% of Ghana's population speak Akan as a first or second language, [ 3 ] and about 44% of Ghanaians are native speakers .
GhaPE's substrate languages such as Akan influenced use of the spoken pidgin in Ghana. [4] [10] [11] Other influencers of GhaPE include Ga, Ewe, and Nzema. [4] While women understand GhaPE, they are less likely to use it in public or professional settings. [10] Mixed-gender groups more often converse in SGE or another language. [12]
Fante is the common dialect of the Fante people, whose communities each have their own subdialects, namely Agona, Anomabo, Abura and Gomoa, [4] all of which are mutually intelligible. Schacter and Fromkin describe two main Fante dialect groups: Fante 1, which uses a syllable-final /w/ and thus distinguishes kaw ("dance") and ka ("bite"); and ...
Though these modifiers are infrequently used, they point to how views of different races are written into the Akan language. In short, "Oborɔnyi" refers to a light-skinned foreigner, but by extension, could also refer to a dark-skinned person (native or foreigner) who looks, acts or talks like a light-skinned foreigner."
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Twi is the common name of the Akan literary dialects of Asante and Akuapem. [1] Effectively, it is a synonym for 'Akan' that is not used by the Fante people.It is not a linguistic grouping, as Akuapem Twi is more closely related to Fante dialect than it is to Asante Twi. [2]
A standardized writing and orthographic writing system for Akan was completed by the Akan Orthography Committee (AOC) in 1968. Akan languages started to be written down mainly in religious publications by Danish, German and British missionaries during the 17th and 18th centuries. The unified Akan orthography was created during the 1980s.