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Image of black ash trunk. Tree is located in a seasonally wet, riparian habitat near a small-scale stream. Tree bark is corky and spongy. Black ash is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 15–20 metres (49–66 ft) (exceptionally 26 metres (85 ft)) tall with a trunk up to 60 cm (24 inches) diameter, or exceptionally to 160 cm (63 inches).
Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia has become a weed in many parts of Australia, where it is known as Desert Ash. It has been widely planted as a street and park tree, and has spread to native bushland and grasslands, as well as stream banks and drainage lines, out-competing native plants for moisture, light and nutrients.
European ash in flower Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) shoot with leaves. Fraxinus (/ ˈ f r æ k s ɪ n ə s /), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, [4] and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees.
white ash Oleaceae (olive family) 541 Fraxinus angustifolia: narrow-leafed ash Oleaceae (olive family) Fraxinus caroliniana: Carolina ash Oleaceae (olive family) 548 Fraxinus excelsior: European ash Oleaceae (olive family) Fraxinus latifolia: Oregon ash Oleaceae (olive family) 542 Fraxinus nigra: black ash Oleaceae (olive family) 543 Fraxinus ornus
The fruit is a samara comprising a single seed 1–2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2.5–4 cm long and 5–7 mm broad. [1] It is closely related to Fraxinus nigra (black ash) from eastern North America, and has been treated as a subspecies or variety of it by some authors, as F. nigra subsp. mandschurica (Rupr.)
In mid to late spring, the tree produces small flowers that are not very noticeable. It is dioecious ; it requires two separate plants (male and female) to successfully pollinate and reproduce. The fruit , produced by female trees, is a cluster of samaras , 3–5 cm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 –2 in) long that includes wings similar to maple trees.
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Male flowers have stamens about 3 mm (0.12 in) long with a sterile carpel about 0.3 mm (0.012 in) long. Female flowers lack stamens and usually have a single carpel about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long. Flowering occurs in summer and the fruit is a spherical red or brown to black follicle 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) wide. [4] [5]