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Vitamin B complex. Vitamin B 1 (thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (niacin) Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 group: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate; Pyridoxamine; Vitamin B 7 (biotin) Vitamin B 9 (folate) Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) Choline; Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic ...
Usually, they are named after the substrate whose decarboxylation they catalyze, for example pyruvate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate. Examples [ edit ]
Vitamins can serve as precursors to many organic cofactors (e.g., vitamins B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12, niacin, folic acid) or as coenzymes themselves (e.g., vitamin C). However, vitamins do have other functions in the body. [29] Many organic cofactors also contain a nucleotide, such as the electron carriers NAD and FAD, and coenzyme A, which carries ...
For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The term vitamin does not include the three other groups of essential nutrients: minerals, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [2] Major health organizations list thirteen vitamins: [3] [4] [5]
This modification is required for these proteins to function. Carboxylation occurs in the liver and is performed by γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX). [14] GGCX requires vitamin K as a cofactor and performs the reaction in a processive manner. [15] γ-carboxyglutamate binds calcium, which is essential for its activity. [16]
Related: The Mediterranean Diet Was Named Healthiest Diet for the 8th Year In a Row, Here's Why 1. Beans. Beans are a great source of fiber, vitamins and minerals like potassium, magnesium and ...
Many of these vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in coagulation so the function of the encoded enzyme is essential for hemostasis. [5] Most gla domain-containing proteins depend on this carboxylation reaction for posttranslational modification. [6] In humans, the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase enzyme is most highly expressed in the liver.
Pecans. Protein per ounce: 2.6 grams A key ingredient in many desserts, this nut also adds oomph to salads and baked oatmeal, while introducing a few health benefits.“Pecans are rich in oleic ...
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