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Casta (Spanish:) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier. In the context of the Spanish Empire in the Americas , the term also refers to a now-discredited 20th-century theoretical framework which postulated that colonial society operated under a hierarchical race ...
Spanish father and Albina mother, torna atrás child.Miguel Cabrera, 1763 Mexico. Torna atrás (Spanish pronunciation: [toɾnaˈtɾas]) or tornatrás is a term used in 18th century Casta paintings to portray a mestizo or mixed-race person who showed phenotypic characteristics of only one of the "original races", such as European or Amerindian ancestry. [1]
Castizo [a] (fem. Castiza) was a racial category used in 18th-century Spanish America to refer to people who were three-quarters Spanish by descent and one-quarter Amerindian. The category of castizo was widely recognized by the 18th century in colonial Mexico [1] and was a standard category portrayed in eighteenth-century casta paintings.
Casta painting showing 16 racial groupings. At the top of the social pyramid in the colonial period were the peninsulares and criollos. Casta is a word existing in Spanish, Portuguese and other Iberian languages since the Middle Ages, meaning "lineage". Casta gave rise to the English word caste during the early modern period. [9] [10]
Casta Álvarez Barceló (1786 – 29 April 1846) was an Aragonese insurgent, who fought in the First siege of Zaragoza. This took place during the 1808 to 1814 Spanish War of Independence, or Guerra de la Independencia Española, part of the Peninsular War. She is known for inspiring the defenders of the city by single-handedly defeating an ...
De Chino cambujo e India, Loba. Miguel Cabrera De negro e india, lobo (from a black man and an Amerindian woman, a Lobo is begotten). Anon. 18th c. Mexico. Lobo (fem. Loba) (Spanish for "wolf") is a racial category for a mixed-race person used in Mexican paintings illustrating the caste system in 17th- and 18th-century Spanish America.
The casta paintings by Miguel Cabrera (1763) show the place of the coyote in the idealized colonial racial hierarchy (sistema de castas). [1] In colonial Mexico, the term varied regionally, with "regional differences determin[ing] just how much native ancestry qualified a person to be a coyote."
One of the main reasons that innovation was frowned upon in the Casta painters' guild was due to the very purpose of the Casta system. The system was, in part, created to try and impose an order on a very messy reality – the mixing of ‘races’ between the Spanish, indigenous, and African peoples of New Spain.