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A light metal is any metal of relatively low density. [1] These may be pure elements, but more commonly are metallic alloys. Lithium and then potassium are the two lightest metallic elements. Magnesium, aluminium and titanium alloys are light metals of significant commercial importance. [2]
Many other materials are used to meet lightweighting goals. [12] Cost of lightweighting, and increasingly sustainability of materials, is becoming an issue in solution selection - with the viable cost increase of a part per kilogram saved being between $5 and $15, [13] depending on the price point and performance needs of the vehicle.
Titanium alone is a strong, light metal. It is stronger than common, low-carbon steels, but 45% lighter. It is also twice as strong as weak aluminium alloys but only 60% heavier. Titanium has outstanding corrosion resistance to seawater, and thus is used in propeller shafts, rigging and other parts of boats that are exposed to seawater.
Because of titanium's superior strength and light weight relative to other metals (steel, stainless steel, and aluminium), and because of recent advances in metalworking techniques, its use has become more widespread in the manufacture of firearms. Primary uses include pistol frames and revolver cylinders.
The most common lightweight metals are aluminium [12] [13] and magnesium [14] [15] alloys. Schematic appearance of round metal bars after tensile testing. (a) Brittle fracture (b) Ductile fracture (c) Completely ductile fracture. Metals are typically malleable and ductile, deforming under stress without cleaving. [10]
Aluminium–lithium alloys (Al–Li alloys) are a set of alloys of aluminium and lithium, often also including copper and zirconium.Since lithium is the least dense elemental metal, these alloys are significantly less dense than aluminium.
Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where light weight or corrosion resistance is required. [1] Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in aerospace manufacturing since the introduction of metal-skinned aircraft. Aluminium–magnesium alloys are both lighter than other aluminium alloys ...
Ultralight materials are solids with a density of less than 10 mg/cm 3, including silica aerogels, carbon nanotube aerogels, aerographite, metallic foams, polymeric foams, and metallic microlattices. The density of air is about 1.275 mg/cm 3 , which means that the air in the pores contributes significantly to the density of these materials in ...
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