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The ELM327 is a programmed microcontroller produced for translating the on-board diagnostics (OBD) interface found in most modern cars. The ELM327 command protocol is one of the most popular PC-to-OBD interface standards and is also implemented by other vendors.
The OBD-II DLC (post-1996 vehicles) is usually located under the instrument panel on the driver side, though there are several exceptions. The SAE J1962 specification provides for two standardized hardware interfaces, called type A and type B. Both are female, 16-pin (2x8), D-shaped connectors, and both have a groove between the two rows of pins.
The OBD-II specification provides for a standardized hardware interface — the female 16-pin (2x8) J1962 connector, where type A is used for 12-volt vehicles and type B for 24-volt vehicles. Unlike the OBD-I connector, which was sometimes found under the bonnet of the vehicle, the OBD-II connector is required to be within 2 feet (0.61 m) of ...
Unlike generic on-board diagnostics (OBD-II or EOBD), VCDS uses the more in-depth Volkswagen Group-specific manufacturer protocol commands, [4] which allows the user to access all diagnostic capable vehicle systems — even in vehicles which are not covered by generic OBD-II/EOBD (e.g. pre-1996).
OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections .
Drivers that may be vulnerable include those for WiFi and Bluetooth, [19] [20] gaming/graphics drivers, [21] and drivers for printers. [ 22 ] There is a lack of effective kernel vulnerability detection tools, especially for closed-source OSes such as Microsoft Windows [ 23 ] where the source code of the device drivers is mostly proprietary and ...
For the Bluetooth Low Energy stack, according to Bluetooth 4.0 a special set of profiles applies. A host operating system can expose a basic set of profiles (namely OBEX, HID and Audio Sink) and manufacturers can add additional profiles to their drivers and stack to enhance what their Bluetooth devices can do. Devices such as mobile phones can ...
Windows 8 and later [41] (Windows 7 and earlier requires drivers from Bluetooth radio manufacturer supporting BLE stack as it has no built-in generic BLE drivers. [42]) Android 4.3 and later. [43] Android 6 or later requires location permission to connect to BLE. BlackBerry OS 10 [44] Linux 3.4 and later through BlueZ 5.0 [45] Unison OS 5.2 [46 ...