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  2. Exhalation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhalation

    Yogis such as B. K. S. Iyengar advocate both inhaling and exhaling through the nose in the practice of yoga, rather than inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth. [16] [17] [18] They tell their students that the "nose is for breathing, the mouth is for eating." [17] [19] [20] [16]

  3. Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breath:_The_New_Science_of...

    It includes Nestor's first-person experiences with breathing. He also worked with scientists at Stanford University whose research suggests that returning to a state of nasal breathing will improve an individual's health. [1] [2] [3] Nestor wrote the book after ten years of researching the subject. [4]

  4. Botzinger complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botzinger_complex

    The Bötzinger complex plays an important role in controlling breathing [3] [4] and responding to hypoxia. [5] [6] The Bötzinger complex consists primarily of glycinergic neurons [7] which inhibit respiratory activity. Of the respiratory cycle phases BötC generates post-inspiratory (Post-I) activity and augmenting expiratory (aug-e) activity ...

  5. Respiratory center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_center

    The VRG maintains a constant breathing rhythm by stimulating the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract, resulting in inspiration. [6] In the medulla, the ventral respiratory group (VRG) consists of four groups of neurons that make up the exhalation (expiratory) area of respiratory control. This area is in the ventrolateral part ...

  6. Work of breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_of_breathing

    The normal relaxed state of the lung and chest is partially empty. Further exhalation requires muscular work. Inhalation is an active process requiring work. [4] Some of this work is to overcome frictional resistance to flow, and part is used to deform elastic tissues, and is stored as potential energy, which is recovered during the passive process of exhalation, Tidal breathing is breathing ...

  7. Pre-Bötzinger complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

    The preBötC produces two types of breathing rhythm in the presence of physiological levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In eupnea, or normal resting breathing, the preBötC generates a rhythm that is relatively fast (~2–4 Hz in rodents, ~0.1-0.2 Hz in humans) with each breath achieving a tidal volume of air movement.

  8. Respiratory sounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_sounds

    Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]

  9. Control of ventilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_of_ventilation

    The pattern of motor stimuli during breathing can be divided into an inhalation stage and an exhalation stage. Inhalation shows a sudden, ramped increase in motor discharge to the respiratory muscles (and the pharyngeal constrictor muscles). [5] Before the end of inhalation, there is a decline in, and end of motor discharge.