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The E39 was replaced by the E60 5 Series in 2003, however E39 Touring models remained in production until May 2004. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The proportion of chassis components using aluminium significantly increased for the E39, and it was the first 5 Series to use aluminium for all major components in the front suspension or any in the rear.
Coilovers are used in double wishbone suspension systems, [2] and are often a component of MacPherson struts. [3] Two of the main types of coilovers are full coilovers and slip-on coilovers. Full coilovers are matched up with a shock absorber from the factory, while with slip-on coilovers, the dampers and springs are bought separately and then ...
The 2.9L M57, which is found in E39 530d and E38 730d, as well as early models of E46 330d and E53 X5, is equipped with one Garrett GT2556V turbocharger. The 2.5L M57TÜ uses a Garrett GT2056V turbocharger, the 3.0L M57TÜ a Garrett GT2260V turbocharger, the M57TÜ2 a Garrett GTB2260VK turbocharger, whilst the M57D30TÜTOP sports a BorgWarner ...
The B-pillar is located between a vehicle's front and rear side glass, where it serves as a structural support of its roof. [4] The C-pillar is the rearmost on two- and four-door sedans and hatchbacks. [5] The D-pillar is the rearmost pillar on larger four-door vehicles such as station wagons and full-sized SUVs.
Typical pillar configurations of a sedan/saloon (three box), station wagon/estate (two box), and hatchback (two box) from the same model range. The configuration of a car body is typically determined by the layout of the engine, passenger and luggage compartments, which can be shared or separately articulated.
Hofmeister kink on a BMW E36 car The Hofmeister kink (German: Hofmeister-Knick ) is an automotive design feature consisting of a rearward/forward angle near the base of the rearmost pillar. It is named for Wilhelm Hofmeister , [ 1 ] who was BMW's design chief from 1955 to 1970, though it appeared on other-brand cars made before Hofmeister's ...
The 5L40-E was designated in either "M82" (rear-wheel drive) or "MX5" (all-wheel drive) versions for service in BMW vehicles from 1999 model year until the design was superseded by (for BMW) the 6L45E and (for all others) the 6L50E series electronic automatic transmissions in 2007 . It is designed for service in vehicles up to 4000 lb (1814 kg ...
BMW xDrive is the marketing name for the all-wheel drive system found on various BMW models since 2003. [1] The system uses an electronically actuated clutch-pack differential to vary the torque between the front and rear axles.