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An image of NGC 45, a low surface brightness spiral galaxy, by GALEX. UGC 477 is located over 110 million light-years away in the constellation of Pisces. [1]A low-surface-brightness galaxy, or LSB galaxy, is a diffuse galaxy with a surface brightness that, when viewed from Earth, is at least one magnitude lower than the ambient night sky.
IC 4263 is class IV in luminosity and has a broad HI 1 line. With a surface brightness of 14.20 mag / am 2, IC 4263 can be described as a low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy. LSB galaxies are diffuse (D) galaxies with a surface brightness less than one magnitude lower than that of the ambient night sky.
UGC 6614 is classified as a low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy. [3] [4] [5] The galaxy is nearly face-on and has a ring-like feature around its bulge, [6] with distinctive extended spiral arms. [7] The bulge of UGC 6614 is found to be red, similar to those of S0 and other elliptical galaxies, hinting at the existence of an old star population. [8]
NGC 7222 also has a surface brightness of 14.20 mag/am, which means it is considered a low surface brightness galaxy (LSB). [5] LSBs are diffuse galaxies that have surface brightness one magnitude lower compared to the ambient night sky .
A truly dark sky has a surface brightness of 2 × 10 −4 cd m −2 or 21.8 mag arcsec −2. [9] [clarification needed] The peak surface brightness of the central region of the Orion Nebula is about 17 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 14 milli nits) and the outer bluish glow has a peak surface brightness of 21.3 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 0.27 millinits). [10]
In visible light, the galaxy exhibits an overall bluish color and as it is relatively dim for a galaxy of its size, it is classified as a low surface brightness galaxy (LSB). [2] [3] NGC 5866B is located relatively close in the sky to the more well-known NGC 5907 (Splinter Galaxy) and NGC 5866 (Spindle Galaxy). [4]
[23] [24] Additionally, detailed investigations of the rotation curves of low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSB galaxies) in the 1990s [25] and of their position on the Tully–Fisher relation [26] showed that LSB galaxies had to have dark matter haloes that are more extended and less dense than those of galaxies with high surface brightness ...
Malin 1B is located 46,000 light-years (14,000 pc) away from the high surface brightness central spiral of Malin 1, which may be responsible for the formation of the galaxy's central bar. Meanwhile, SDSS J123708.91+142253.2 is located within the huge, faint halo of Malin 1 and might have caused the formation of the extended low surface ...