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A palindromic sequence is a nucleic acid sequence in a double-stranded DNA or RNA molecule whereby reading in a certain direction (e.g. 5' to 3') on one strand is identical to the sequence in the same direction (e.g. 5' to 3') on the complementary strand. This definition of palindrome thus depends on complementary strands being palindromic of ...
This resulting sequence is palindromic because it is the reverse complement of itself. [1] 5' TTACGCGTAA 3' test sequence (from Step 2 with intervening nucleotides removed) 3' AATGCGCATT 5' complement of test sequence 5' TTACGCGTAA 3' reverse complement This is the same as the test sequence above, and thus, it is a palindrome.
These overhangs are in most cases palindromic. The simplest case of an overhang is a single nucleotide. This is most often adenine and is created as a 3' overhang by some DNA polymerases. Most commonly this is used in cloning PCR products created by such an enzyme. The product is joined with a linear DNA molecule with a 3' thymine overhang.
A new study from the University of Helsinki analyzes regulatory genes known as microRNA to discover how these necessary palindromes formed.
Many of them are palindromic, meaning the base sequence reads the same backwards and forwards. [29] In theory, there are two types of palindromic sequences that can be possible in DNA. The mirror-like palindrome is similar to those found in ordinary text, in which a sequence reads the same forward and backward on a single strand of DNA, as in ...
Palindromes are also found in music (the table canon and crab canon) and biological structures (most genomes include palindromic gene sequences). In automata theory, the set of all palindromes over an alphabet is a context-free language, but it is not regular.
This structure is thought to destabilize the binding of RNA polymerase enzyme to DNA (hence terminating transcription). Dyad symmetry is known to have a role in the rho independent method of transcription termination in E. coli. [citation needed] Regions of dyad symmetry in the DNA sequence stall the RNA polymerase enzyme as it transcribes them.
For example, the common restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the palindromic sequence GAATTC and cuts between the G and the A on both the top and bottom strands. This leaves an overhang (an end-portion of a DNA strand with no attached complement) known as a sticky end [2] on each end of AATT.