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Gaurabda is the name of the moon calendar used by Gaudiya Vaishnavism as part of the liturgy. [1] It is used as the main calendar of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness. [2] Following Gaudiya Vaisnava tradition, the years are counted from the birth (traditionally known as the "appearance" day) of Śrī Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
Raganuga-bhakti, on the other hand, follows ragatmika-bhakti, [42] [43] the bhakti present in Krishna's eternal associates, which is driven by raga, a natural absorption in the object of service. [44] [45] Jiva Goswami's conclusion in Bhakti Sandarbha is that raganuga-bhakti is the only abhidheya, viable process, recommended by the Bhagavatam. [27]
Some of the earliest known mentions of Perumal, and the Tamil devotional poems ascribed to him, are found in Paripāṭal – the Sangam era poetic anthology. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He is a popular Hindu deity, particularly among Tamils in Tamil Nadu and the Tamil diaspora , as well as in Vaishnava temples. [ 4 ]
Krishnaism is a term used in scholarly circles to describe large group of independent Hindu traditions—sampradayas related to Vaishnavism—that center on the devotion to Krishna as Svayam Bhagavan, Ishvara, Para Brahman, who is the source of all reality, not simply an avatar of Vishnu.
The early Alvars speak of glorifying Vishnu bhakti (devotion to Vishnu), but at the same time, they do regard Shiva bhakti (devotion to Shiva) with considerable sympathy, and make a visible effort to keep the Shaivas in countenance. The earliest Alvars go the length of describing Shiva and Vishnu as one, although they do recognise their united ...
The Upadesamrta, [1] or Nectar of Instruction, [2] is an important Gaudiya Vaishnava spiritual text, composed by Rupa Goswami.The Upadesamrta was translated into English in its entirety [3] by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, founder acarya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.
Hinduism, in particular Vaishnavism and Shaivism, was the predominant religion in ancient Tamilakam.The Sangam period in Tamilakam (c. 600 BCE–300 CE) was characterized by the coexistence of many denominations and religions: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Ajivika and later joined by Buddhism and Jainism alongside the folk religion of the Tamil people.
Sri Vaishnavism developed in Tamil Nadu in the 10th century, after Nathamuni returned from a pilgrimage to Vrindavan in north India (modern Uttar Pradesh). [19] Nathamuni's ideas were continued by Yamunacharya, who maintained that the Vedas and Pancaratras are equal, devotional rituals and bhakti are important practices. [10]