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In Condition, Engels argues that the Industrial Revolution made workers worse off.He shows, for example, that in large industrial cities such as Salford, Manchester and Liverpool, mortality from disease (such as smallpox, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough) was four times that in the surrounding countryside, and mortality from convulsions was ten times as high.
The new economy was hence obliged to disavow its own premises and recourse to hypocrisy. The premises of the economy begot the modern slavery and factory system. Engels viewed Smith's new system as a necessary advance, but also claimed that "The nearer the economists come to the present time, the further they depart from honesty."
Engels' pause was accompanied by major changes in the social security and party systems, elementary schools, urban planning, public transport and many other areas of society. It has been argued that a similar transformation is underway in industrialised Western nations, where digitisation and robotisation are transforming society.
As the ideas of Marx and Engels took on flesh, particularly in central Europe, socialists sought to unite in an international organisation. In 1889, on the centennial of the French Revolution of 1789, the Second International was founded, with 384 delegates from 20 countries representing about 300 labour and socialist organisations. [ 149 ]
Engels argued that the state transforms itself from a "government of people" to an "administration of things" and thus would not be a state in the traditional sense of the term. This scenario depended on Marx's view of coercive power as a tool of those who own the means of production , i.e. certain social classes (the bourgeoisie ) and the ...
The Engels family house at Barmen (now in Wuppertal), Germany. Friedrich Engels was born on 28 November 1820 in Barmen, Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany), as the eldest son of Friedrich Engels Sr. [] (1796–1860) and of Elisabeth "Elise" Franziska Mauritia van Haar (1797–1873). [6]
Engels predicts that unfortunately, such social reorganization will have to be carried out using violence, because the bourgeoisie will not voluntarily give up its power. [10] Moreover, due to the global character of the Industrial Revolution, such violence must eventually and necessarily occur in all countries, not being limited to some.
Engels also wrote a three part series of articles called "The Condition of England" in January, February and March 1844. [ 11 ] While observing the slums of Manchester in close detail, Engels took notes of the horrors he observed, notably child labour , the despoiled environment and overworked and impoverished labourers.