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Other things, for example, your medication, your diet and any infections you may experience, can cause the urine to change color. “Your color can vary depending on your hydration status.
The signs and symptoms of abnormal urine color are shown as follows: Unexplained urine color other than straw-yellow has continued for a long time. [1] Once observe blood in urine. [1] Clear, dark-brown urine. [1] Risk factors of clinical abnormal urine color include elderly age, strenuous exercise, and family history of related diagnosis. [2]
These causes are grouped into glomerular and non-glomerular causes, depending on the involvement of the glomerulus of the kidney. [1] But not all red urine is hematuria. [5] Other substances such as certain medications and foods (e.g. blackberries, beets, food dyes) can cause urine to appear red. [5]
Urine pH may be monitored to help prevent the formation of kidney stones or to avoid side effects of some drugs, [68] such as high-dose methotrexate therapy, in which crystals that cause kidney damage can form if the urine is acidic. [69] If microscopy is performed, knowing the pH of the sample helps to identify any crystals that might be ...
Stomach acidity and dwell time may affect urine color intensity. [1] [2] [3] The presence of beet pigment-protecting substances, such as oxalic acid, in the meal and during intestinal passage, increase the color intensity in the urine. [1] Medications may affect stomach acidity, such as proton pump inhibitors, thereby affecting urine color. [2]
Under ideal situations myoglobin will be filtered and excreted with the urine, but if too much myoglobin is released into the circulation or in case of kidney problems, it can occlude the kidneys' filtration system leading to acute tubular necrosis and acute kidney injury. Other causes of myoglobinuria include: McArdle's disease
The diagnosis is supported by a urine test strip which is positive for "blood" but the urine contains no red blood cells when examined with a microscope. [3] Blood tests show a creatine kinase activity greater than 1000 U/L, with severe disease being above 5000–15 000 U/L. [5] The mainstay of treatment is large quantities of intravenous ...
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency also known as OTC deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder in humans. Ornithine transcarbamylase, the defective enzyme in this disorder, is the final enzyme in the proximal portion of the urea cycle, responsible for converting carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine into citrulline.