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For example, the typical professional controller will calculate the actual flow rate running in the system when a specific zone is operated, compare this to a pre-configured required amount, and adjust the irrigation process if deviation from the zone's flow rate is detected; This mechanism is called "Flow monitoring", and can prevent ...
In 1910, the Victorian State and Water Supply Commissioner, John Stewart Dethridge, developed the "Dethridge Direct-Measuring Water Meter" or "Dethridge Wheel". Its initial use was to accurately measure the flow of water at specific irrigation sites in Australia, especially in areas throughout New South Wales and Victoria. [5]
Parshall flumes (right) alongside other types of flow meters The Parshall flume is an open channel flow-metering device that was developed to measure the flow of surface water and irrigation flow. The Parshall flume is a modified version of the Venturi flume .
A velocity-type meter measures the velocity of flow through a meter of known internal capacity. The speed of the flow can then be converted into a volume of flow to determine the usage. There are several types of meters that measure water flow velocity, including jet meters (single-jet and multi-jet), turbine meters, propeller meters and mag ...
A Fixture Unit is not a flow rate unit but a design factor. A fixture unit is equal to 1 cubic foot (0.028 m 3) of water drained in a 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 inches (32 mm) diameter pipe over one minute. [2] One cubic foot of water is roughly 7.48 US gallons (28.3 L; 6.23 imp gal). A Fixture Unit is used in plumbing design for both water supply and waste ...
The Montana Flume is a restriction with free-spilling discharge that accelerates flow from a sub-critical state (Fr~0.5) to a supercritical one (Fr>1). The free-flow discharge can be summarized as = Where Q is flow rate; C is the free-flow coefficient for the flume; H a is the head at the primary point of measurement
As the free-flow coefficient (K) and the free-flow exponent (n) depend only upon flume length, intermediate sizes Cutthroat flumes can be developed without the need for laboratory verification. The flat-bottomed design means that the flume can be retrofitted into existing channels without the need to raise the flume or adjust the downstream ...
A process to perform a water flow test is explained in the model fire codes as published by NFPA (National Fire Protection Association). If a water supply source is considered weak compared to what is required by the sprinkler system design hydraulic calculation, the water pressure can be boosted by means of a fire pump.
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