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The Gibbs–Helmholtz equation is a thermodynamic equation used to calculate changes in the Gibbs free energy of a system as a function of temperature. It was originally presented in an 1882 paper entitled " Die Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge " by Hermann von Helmholtz .
where ln denotes the natural logarithm, is the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, and R is the ideal gas constant.This equation is exact at any one temperature and all pressures, derived from the requirement that the Gibbs free energy of reaction be stationary in a state of chemical equilibrium.
The last equation is known as the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation. ... (1998) "Application of Automated Methods for Determination of Protein Conformational Stability", ...
The maximum work is thus regarded as the diminution of the free, or available, energy of the system (Gibbs free energy G at T = constant, P = constant or Helmholtz free energy F at T = constant, V = constant), whilst the heat given out is usually a measure of the diminution of the total energy of the system (internal energy).
In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz energy) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature . The change in the Helmholtz energy during a process is equal to the maximum amount of work that the system can perform in a thermodynamic process ...
Josiah Willard Gibbs Born (1839-02-11) February 11, 1839 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. Died April 28, 1903 (1903-04-28) (aged 64) New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Yale College (BA, PhD) Known for List Statistical mechanics Chemical thermodynamics Chemical potential Cross product Dyadics Exergy Principle of maximum work Phase rule Phase space Physical optics Physics ...
The Helmholtz equation has a variety of applications in physics and other sciences, including the wave equation, the diffusion equation, and the Schrödinger equation for a free particle. In optics, the Helmholtz equation is the wave equation for the electric field. [1] The equation is named after Hermann von Helmholtz, who studied it in 1860. [2]
Another method to determine the coexistence points is based on the Helmholtz potential minimum principle, which states that in a system in diathermal contact with a heat reservoir =, = and >, namely at equilibrium the Helmholtz potential is a minimum. [25]