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A foxglove with a peloric flower. (Digitalis purpurea 'monstrosa')A peloric foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) flowerPelorism is the term, said to be first used by Charles Darwin, for the formation of 'peloric flowers' [1] which botanically is the abnormal production of radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) flowers in a species that usually produces bilaterally symmetrical (zygomorphic) flowers. [2]
Most flowers are actinomorphic ("star shaped", "radial"), meaning they can be divided into three or more identical sectors which are related to each other by rotation about the center of the flower. Typically, each sector might contain one tepal or one petal and one sepal and so on.
For example, the face of a human being has a plane of symmetry down its centre, or a pine cone displays a clear symmetrical spiral pattern. Internal features can also show symmetry, for example the tubes in the human body (responsible for transporting gases, nutrients, and waste products) which are cylindrical and have several planes of symmetry.
Diagram of flower parts. In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited growth that bears the modified leaves responsible for reproduction and protection of the gametes, called floral pieces.
When pluriflor (multiple blooms), the flowers are arranged in a cluster or rarely are subumbellate (Gagea) or a thyrse (spike). [9] Flowers Hermaphroditic, actinomorphic (radially symmetric) or slightly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetric), [10] pedicellate (on a short secondary stem), generally large and showy but may be inconspicuous ...
[clarification needed] [example needed] [16] A disk flower (or disc flower) is a radially symmetric individual flower in the head, which is ringed by the ray flowers when both are present. [15] [16] In some species, ray flowers may be arranged around the disc in irregular symmetry, or with a weakly bilaterally symmetric arrangement. [15]
Flowers actinomorphic and hermaphrodite with 6 undifferentiated tepals in two whorls of three, the same number and arrangement of stamens, and a superior ovary with 3 fused carpels. Individual species and genera may have more or less derived formulas.
Example of Lamiales characteristics (shown on species Lavandula angustifolia) Plant species within the order Lamiales are eudicots and are herbaceous or have woody stems. [ 7 ] Zygomorphic flowers are common, having five petals with an upper lip of two petals and lower lip of three petals, but actinomorphic flowers are also seen.