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French verbs have a large number of simple (one-word) forms. These are composed of two distinct parts: the stem (or root, or radix), which indicates which verb it is, and the ending (inflection), which indicates the verb's tense (imperfect, present, future etc.) and mood and its subject's person (I, you, he/she etc.) and number, though many endings can correspond to multiple tense-mood-subject ...
Aside from être and avoir (considered categories unto themselves), French verbs are traditionally [1] grouped into three conjugation classes (groupes): . The first conjugation class consists of all verbs with infinitives ending in -er, except for the irregular verb aller and (by some accounts) the irregular verbs envoyer and renvoyer; [2] the verbs in this conjugation, which together ...
Transitive verbs (direct or indirect) in the active voice are conjugated with the verb avoir. Intransitive verbs are conjugated with either avoir or être (see French verbs#Temporal auxiliary verbs). Reflexive verbs (or "pronominal verbs") are conjugated with être. être is used to form the passive voice.
Auxiliary verbs are combined with past participles of main verbs to produce compound tenses, including the compound past (passé composé). For most main verbs the auxiliary is (the appropriate form of) avoir ("to have"), but for reflexive verbs and certain intransitive verbs the auxiliary is a form of être ("to be").
A verb that does not follow all of the standard conjugation patterns of the language is said to be an irregular verb. The system of all conjugated variants of a particular verb or class of verbs is called a verb paradigm; this may be presented in the form of a conjugation table.
This is the second regular group of verbs, and also the second largest. Examples include finir ("to finish"), partir ("to leave"), fugir ("to flee") and morir ("to die"). Even though the latter three normally give part, fug and mòr at the third person singular of present indicative, in a number of parts of Occitania they will also be declined using the -iss-augment, thus giving partís ...
lançai, mangerai (future and simple past verb forms ending in -ai or -rai) /ə/ faisan, faisons, [7] (and all other conjugated forms of faire which are spelt fais-and followed by a pronounced vowel) aî (in new orthography ai ) /ɛː/ maître, chaîne (in new orthography, maitre, chaine) aï before a consonant / a. i / naïf, haïr: before a ...
Each verb type is numbered so that multiple verbs with identical conjugation (such as chanter and enchanter) can be grouped under one basic verb of that type. L'art de conjuguer also offers all of the rules concerning grammar within verb conjugation as well as a detailed guide on the purpose of each verb tense. The most recent versions cover ...