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  2. List of paradoxes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paradoxes

    Therefore, it is not opposite day, but if you say it is a normal day it would be considered a normal day, which contradicts the fact that it has previously been stated that it is an opposite day. Richard's paradox : We appear to be able to use simple English to define a decimal expansion in a way that is self-contradictory.

  3. File:High School Probability and Statistics (Basic).pdf

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:High_School...

    You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses ...

  4. Newcomb's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcomb's_paradox

    Taken together, the paradox is a restatement of the old contention that free will and determinism are incompatible, since determinism enables the existence of perfect predictors. Put another way, this paradox can be equivalent to the grandfather paradox ; the paradox presupposes a perfect predictor, implying the "chooser" is not free to choose ...

  5. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.

  6. Predictability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictability

    Predictability is the degree to which a correct prediction or forecast of a system's state can be made, either qualitatively or quantitatively. Predictability and causality [ edit ]

  7. Entropy (information theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(information_theory)

    The meaning of the events observed (the meaning of messages) does not matter in the definition of entropy. Entropy only takes into account the probability of observing a specific event, so the information it encapsulates is information about the underlying probability distribution, not the meaning of the events themselves.

  8. Butterfly effect in popular culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effect_in...

    According to science journalist Peter Dizikes, the films Havana and The Butterfly Effect mischaracterize the butterfly effect by asserting the effect can be calculated with certainty, because this is the opposite of its scientific meaning in chaos theory as it relates to the unpredictability of certain physical systems; Dizikes writes in 2008 ...

  9. Homogeneity and heterogeneity (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneity_and...

    In statistics, a sequence of random variables is homoscedastic (/ ˌ h oʊ m oʊ s k ə ˈ d æ s t ɪ k /) if all its random variables have the same finite variance; this is also known as homogeneity of variance. The complementary notion is called heteroscedasticity, also known as heterogeneity of variance.