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The capsule, extensor tendon, and skin are very thin and lax dorsally, allowing for both phalanx bones to flex more than 100° until the base of the middle phalanx makes contact with the condylar notch of the proximal phalanx. [1] At the level of the PIP joint the extensor mechanism splits into three bands. The central slip attaches to the ...
At the metatarsophalangeal joint the plantar plate plays an important role in the foot's weight-bearing function. The plantar plate is attached to the proximal phalanx, to the major longitudinal bands of the plantar fascia, and to the collateral ligaments. Together with the collateral ligaments, it forms a soft tissue box which is connected to ...
The A2 and A4 pulleys arise from the periosteum on the proximal half of the proximal phalanx and the mid portion of the middle phalanx, respectively. [1] The first annular pulley (A1 pulley), near the head of the metacarpal bone, lies in the flexor groove in the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. [2]
These are the distal phalanx, carrying the nail, the middle phalanx, and the proximal phalanx. Joints are formed wherever two or more of these bones meet. Each of the fingers has three joints: metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) – the joint at the base of the finger; proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) – the joint in the middle of the finger
The palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion. First, it slides back toward the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples. [7]
Distal interphalangeal joints are the articulations between the phalanges of the hand or foot. This term therefore includes: This term therefore includes: Interphalangeal joints of the hand
A single median band passes down the middle of the finger along the back of the proximal phalanx, inserting into the base of the middle phalanx. A band known as the retinacular ligament runs obliquely along the middle phalanx, and connects the fibrous digital sheath on the anterior side of the phalanges to the extensor expansion.
A collateral ligament flanks each MCP joint - one on either side. Each attaches proximally at the head of the metacarpal bone, and distally at the base of the phalynx. Each extends obliquely in a palmar direction from its proximal attachment to its distal attachment. [2]