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The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), where the negatively charged electron confined to an atomic shell encircles a small, positively charged atomic nucleus and where an electron jumps between orbits, is accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy (hν). [1]
The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 [2] when extending the Bohr model of the atom. α quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887. [a] Why the constant should have this value is not understood, [3] but ...
His proposals were based on the then current Bohr model of the atom, in which the electron shells were orbits at a fixed distance from the nucleus. Bohr's original configurations would seem strange to a present-day chemist: sulfur was given as 2.4.4.6 instead of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 4 (2.8.6). Bohr used 4 and 6 following Alfred Werner's 1893 ...
Bohr calculated that a 1s orbital electron of a hydrogen atom orbiting at the Bohr radius of 0.0529 nm travels at nearly 1/137 the speed of light. [11] One can extend this to a larger element with an atomic number Z by using the expression v ≈ Z c 137 {\displaystyle v\approx {\frac {Zc}{137}}} for a 1s electron, where v is its radial velocity ...
The Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics, stemming from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and others. [1] While "Copenhagen" refers to the Danish city, the use as an "interpretation" was apparently coined by Heisenberg during the 1950s to refer to ideas developed in the ...
The Bohr radius ( ) is a physical constant, approximately equal to the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. It is named after Niels Bohr, due to its role in the Bohr model of an atom. Its value is 5.291 772 105 44 (82) × 10 −11 m. [1] [2]
They noted that the unit of length in this system is the radius of the first Bohr orbit and their velocity is the electron velocity in Bohr's model of the first orbit. In 1959, Shull and Hall [ 4 ] advocated atomic units based on Hartree's model but again chose to use ℏ {\displaystyle \hbar } as the defining unit.
The Bohr model posits that electrons revolve around the atomic nucleus in a manner analogous to planets revolving around the Sun. In the simplest version of the Bohr model, the mass of the atomic nucleus is considered to be infinite compared to the mass of the electron, [ 7 ] so that the center of mass of the system, the barycenter , lies at ...