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Together with other isomers, 4-nitrotoluene is prepared by nitration of toluene, [4] commonly using titanium(IV) nitrate. [5] It undergoes the reactions typical for nitrobenzene derivatives, e.g. hydrogenation gives p-toluidine. Oxidation of the methyl substituent of 4-nitrotoluene has been extensively investigated.
Toluene (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u iː n /), also known as toluol (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u. ɒ l , - ɔː l , - oʊ l / ), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon [ 15 ] with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 3 , often abbreviated as PhCH 3 , where Ph stands for the phenyl group.
The most common one is 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The nitration of toluene gives sequentially mononitrotoluene, DNT, and finally TNT. 2,4-DNT is the principal product from dinitration, the other main product being about 30% 1,3-DN2-T. The nitration of 4-nitrotoluene gives 2,4-DNT. [5]
It is made by nitrating toluene at above -10 °C. This reaction affords a 2:1 mixture of 2-nitro and 4-nitro isomers. [4] Chlorination of 2-nitrotoluene gives two isomers of the chloronitrotoluenes. Similarly nitration gives two isomers of dinitrotoluene. 2-Nitrotoluene is mainly consumed in the production of o-toluidine, a precursor to dyes. [4]
Nitration reactions are notably used for the production of explosives, for example the conversion of guanidine to nitroguanidine and the conversion of toluene to trinitrotoluene (TNT). Nitrations are, however, of wide importance virtually all aromatic amines ( anilines ) are produced from nitro precursors.
Trinitrotoluene spin view. Trinitrotoluene (/ ˌ t r aɪ ˌ n aɪ t r oʊ ˈ t ɒ lj u iː n /), [5] [6] more commonly known as TNT (and more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and by its preferred IUPAC name 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene), [1] is a chemical compound with the formula C 6 H 2 (NO 2) 3 CH 3.
o-Toluidine (ortho-toluidine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 NH 2. It is the most important of the three isomeric toluidines. It is a colorless liquid although commercial samples are often yellowish. It is a precursor to the herbicides metolachlor and acetochlor. [2]
Mononitrotoluene or nitrotoluene (MNT or NT), is any of three organic compounds with the formula C 6 H 4 (CH 3)(NO 2). [1] They can be viewed as nitro derivatives of toluene or as methylated derivatives of nitrobenzene. Mononitrotoluene comes in four isomers, differing by the relative position of the methyl and nitro groups. All are pale yellow ...