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A spring with spaces between the coils can be compressed, and the same formula holds for compression, with F s and x both negative in that case. [4] Graphical derivation. According to this formula, the graph of the applied force F s as a function of the displacement x will be a straight line passing through the origin, whose slope is k.
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
A spring (made by winding a wire around a cylinder) is of two types: Tension or extension springs are designed to become longer under load. Their turns (loops) are normally touching in the unloaded position, and they have a hook, eye or some other means of attachment at each end. Compression springs are designed to become shorter when loaded ...
x is the distance that the spring has been stretched or compressed away from the equilibrium position, which is the position where the spring would naturally come to rest [usually in meters], F is the restoring force exerted by the material [usually in newtons], and k is the force constant (or spring constant). This is the stiffness of the spring.
For a stretched spring fixed at one end obeying Hooke's law, the elastic potential energy is = where r 2 and r 1 are collinear coordinates of the free end of the spring, in the direction of the extension/compression, and k is the spring constant.
Belleville washer. A Belleville washer, also known as a coned-disc spring, [1] conical spring washer, [2] disc spring, Belleville spring or cupped spring washer, is a conical shell which can be loaded along its axis either statically or dynamically.
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