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2. Gas chromatography - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography

   Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. Typical uses of GC include testing the purity of a particular substance, or separating the different components of a mixture. [ 1 ]

3. Unresolved complex mixture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unresolved_Complex_Mixture

   The two columns are connected by a modulator, a device that traps, focuses and re-injects the peaks that elute from the first column into the second column. Each peak eluting from the first column (which may be a number of co-eluting peaks) is further separated on the second column.

4. High-performance liquid chromatography - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_liquid...

   HILIC partition technique useful range. Partition chromatography was one of the first kinds of chromatography that chemists developed, and is barely used these days. [25] The partition coefficient principle has been applied in paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas phase and liquid–liquid separation applications.

5. Thermal conductivity detector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity_detector

   The thermal conductivity detector (TCD), also known as a katharometer, is a bulk property detector and a chemical specific detector commonly used in gas chromatography. [1] This detector senses changes in the thermal conductivity of the column eluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. Since most compounds have a thermal ...

6. Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric-pressure...

   Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization chamber cross section. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure (10 5 Pa), [1] [2] commonly coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [3]

7. Instrumentation in petrochemical industries - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_in...

   Level instrumentation determines the height of liquids by measuring the position of a gas/liquid or liquid/liquid interface within the vessel or tank. Such interfaces include oil/gas, oil/water, condensate/water, glycol/condensate, etc. Local indication (LI) includes sight glasses which show the liquid level directly through a vertical glass ...

8. Chemical ionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_ionization

   Chemical ionization in an atmospheric pressure electric discharge is called atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), which usually uses water as the reagent gas. An APCI source is composed of a liquid chromatography outlet, nebulizing the eluent, a heated vaporizer tube, a corona discharge needle and a pinhole entrance to 10 −3 torr ...

9. Flame ionization detector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_ionization_detector

   The design of the flame ionization detector varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but the principles are the same. Most commonly, the FID is attached to a gas chromatography system. The eluent exits the gas chromatography column (A) and enters the FID detector’s oven (B). The oven is needed to make sure that as soon as the eluent exits ...