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  2. Spanish Constitution of 1812 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812

    The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (Spanish: Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz (Spanish: Constitución de Cádiz) and as La Pepa, [1] was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history. [2]

  3. Cortes of Cádiz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortes_of_Cádiz

    The Cortes of Cádiz was seen then, and by historians today, as a major step towards liberalism and democracy in the history of Spain and Spanish America. The liberal Cortes drafted and ratified the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which established a constitutional monarchy and eliminated many institutions that privileged some groups over others. [5]

  4. List of constitutions of Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_constitutions_of_Spain

    Not recognized by the Spanish patriots during the war. Most of its contents were to be enacted through the 1810s, so it did not actually come into effect. However, it provided for representation from Spanish America and the Philippines. Constitution of 1812: 1812–1814 1820–1823 1836–1837 Constitutional monarchy elected parliament.

  5. History of Spain (1808–1874) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1808–1874)

    Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the 1812 constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced ...

  6. 1812 in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_in_Spain

    January 7–20 - Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812) March 16-April 6 - Siege of Badajoz (1812) March 19 - ratification of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 [1] April 9 - Battle of Arlabán (1812) June 29-August 19 - Siege of Astorga (1812) July 22 - Battle of Salamanca; October 25–29 - Battle of Tordesillas (1812)

  7. Monarchy of Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain

    The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy (Spanish: Monarquía Española) is the constitutional form of government of Spain. It consists of a hereditary monarch who reigns as the head of state, being the highest office of the country. [1] The current King is Felipe VI since 19 June 2014, after the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos I.

  8. History of Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain

    The Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro) was a period of flourishing arts and letters in the Spanish Empire (now Spain and the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America), coinciding with the political decline and fall of the Habsburgs. Arts flourished despite the decline of the empire in the 17th century.

  9. Hispanic Monarchy (political entity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Monarchy...

    The Spanish monarch acted as king (or with the corresponding title) according to the political constitution of each kingdom, state, or lordship, [3] and thus, their formal power varied from one territory to another. However, they acted as a unified monarch over all the territories of the monarchy, [4] almost like a Composite Monarchy.