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The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (Spanish: Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz (Spanish: Constitución de Cádiz) and as La Pepa, [1] was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history. [2]
Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced to ...
In Spain, where the Hispanic-American wars of independence and the overall situation in Spanish America were followed with great anticipation by both the government and the Cortes, as well as the general public, [89] [90] there was widespread belief that the proclamation of the 1812 Constitution would end the insurrections and independence ...
This is a list of monarchs of Spain, a dominion started with the dynastic union of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain— Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The regnal numbers follow those of the rulers of Asturias, León, and Castile. Thus, Alfonso XII is numbered in succession to Alfonso XI of Castile.
Spain was no longer the absolute monarchy he had relinquished six years earlier. Instead he was now asked to rule under the liberal Constitution of 1812. Before being allowed onto Spanish soil, Ferdinand had to guarantee the liberals that he would govern on the basis of the constitution, but only gave lukewarm indications he would do so. [11]
Spain had been allied with France against Britain since the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1796. After the defeat of the combined Spanish and French fleets by the British at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, cracks began to appear in the alliance, with Spain preparing to invade France from the south after the outbreak of the War of the Fourth Coalition.
Military campaign of Napoleonic troops in Spain (1808–1812). Dark blue: Territories annexed by France: 2 May: Dos de Mayo Uprising: An uprising took place in Madrid against the French occupation of the city. 1809: Bolivian Independence War: The war began. 1811: Venezuelan War of Independence: The war began. 1812: The Spanish Constitution of ...
The Cortes of Cádiz was seen then, and by historians today, as a major step towards liberalism and democracy in the history of Spain and Spanish America. The liberal Cortes drafted and ratified the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which established a constitutional monarchy and eliminated many institutions that privileged some groups over others. [5]