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Each Unicode code point is encoded either as one or two 16-bit code units. Code points less than 2 16 ("in the BMP") are encoded with a single 16-bit code unit equal to the numerical value of the code point, as in the older UCS-2. Code points greater than or equal to 2 16 ("above the BMP") are encoded using two 16-bit code units.
In addition, there is a contiguous range of another 32 noncharacter code points in the BMP: U+FDD0..U+FDEF. Software implementations are free to use these code points for internal use. One particularly useful example of a noncharacter is the code point U+FFFE. This code point has the reverse UTF-16/UCS-2 byte sequence of the byte order mark (U
A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the format &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh; where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form.
A range of code points in the S (Special) Zone of the BMP remains unassigned to characters. UCS-2 disallows use of code values for these code points, but UTF-16 allows their use in pairs. Unicode also adopted UTF-16, but in Unicode terminology, the high-half zone elements become "high surrogates" and the low-half zone elements become "low ...
A code point is represented by a sequence of code units. The mapping is defined by the encoding. Thus, the number of code units required to represent a code point depends on the encoding: UTF-8: code points map to a sequence of one, two, three or four code units. UTF-16: code units are twice as long as 8-bit code units.
For example, Alt+0 247 yields a ÷, corresponding to its code point, but the character produced by Alt+2 47 depends on the OEM code page, such as Code page 437, and may yield a ≈. Also Alt + 0 1 2 8 through Alt + 0 1 5 9 yield the characters assigned in rows 8 and 9 in the CP1252 layout , rather than the C1 control codes that are assigned to ...
For U+0800 to U+FFFF, the remaining characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane and capable of representing the rest of the characters of most of the world's living languages, UTF-8 needs 24 bits to encode a character while UTF-16 needs 16 bits and UTF-32 needs 32. Code points U+010000 to U+10FFFF, which represent characters in the supplementary ...
The number of code points in each block must be a multiple of 16. A block may contain code points that are reserved, not-assigned, etc. Each character that is assigned, has a single "block name" value from the 338 names assigned as of Unicode version 16.0. Unassigned code points outside of an existing block have the default value "No_block".