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Nymphalid butterflies have the simplest eye ommatidium structure, consisting of eight photoreceptor cells (R1–R8) and a tiny R9 cell organized into a different tier. [5] These "R cells" tightly pack the ommatidium. The portion of the R cells at the central axis of the ommatidium collectively form a light guide, a transparent tube, called the ...
Compound eye of a house centipede Compound eye of a dragonfly. A compound eye is a visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans.It may consist of thousands of ommatidia, [1] which are tiny independent photoreception units that consist of a cornea, lens, and photoreceptor cells which distinguish brightness and color.
The hypopharynx is a somewhat globular structure, located medially to the mandibles and the maxillae. In many species it is membranous and associated with salivary glands. It assists in swallowing the food. The hypopharynx divides the oral cavity into two parts: the cibarium or dorsal food pouch and ventral salivarium into which the salivary ...
The head capsule bears most of the sensory organs, including the antennae, ocelli, and compound eyes, along with the mouthparts. In the adult insect, the head capsule appears unsegmented, though embryological studies show it to consist of six segments that bear the paired head appendages, including the mouthparts, each pair on a specific ...
Aedeagus of Pentodon idiota Photomicrograph of the aedeagus of water scavenger beetle Tormissus linsi (from above). An aedeagus (/ i ˈ d i. ə. ɡ ə s / or / i. d i ˈ eɪ. ɡ ə s / [1] [2] pl. aedeagi) is a reproductive organ of male arthropods through which they secrete sperm from the testes during copulation with a female.
Sometimes the needs for visual acuity in different functions conflict, and different parts of the eyes may be adapted to separate functions; for example, the Gyrinidae spend most of their adult lives on the surface of water, and have their two compound eyes split into four halves, two for underwater vision and two for vision in air. Again ...
The visual system is the physiological basis of visual perception (the ability to detect and process light).The system detects, transduces and interprets information concerning light within the visible range to construct an image and build a mental model of the surrounding environment.
These cells have been found in the mushroom bodies of all species that have been investigated, though their number varies. Fruit flies, for example, have around 2,500, whereas cockroaches have about 200,000. A locust brain dissection to expose the central brain and carry out electro-physiology recordings can be seen here. [8]