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In functional and list-based languages a string is represented as a list (of character codes), therefore all list-manipulation procedures could be considered string functions. However such languages may implement a subset of explicit string-specific functions as well.
The user can search for elements in an associative array, and delete elements from the array. The following shows how multi-dimensional associative arrays can be simulated in standard AWK using concatenation and the built-in string-separator variable SUBSEP:
In Python, functions are first-class objects that can be created and passed around dynamically. Python's limited support for anonymous functions is the lambda construct. An example is the anonymous function which squares its input, called with the argument of 5:
The index -1 represents the last element, -2 the penultimate element, etc. Python also allows a step property by appending an extra colon and a value. For example: >>> nums [ 3 :] [7, 8, 13, 20] >>> nums [ 3 ::] # == nums[3:] [7, 8, 13, 20] >>> nums [:: 3 ] # starting at index 0 and getting every third element [1, 7, 20] >>> nums [ 1 : 5 : 2 ...
The number of indices needed to specify an element is called the dimension, dimensionality, or rank of the array type. (This nomenclature conflicts with the concept of dimension in linear algebra, which expresses the shape of a matrix. Thus, an array of numbers with 5 rows and 4 columns, hence 20 elements, is said to have dimension 2 in ...
For example, in Python, raw strings are preceded by an r or R – compare 'C:\\Windows' with r'C:\Windows' (though, a Python raw string cannot end in an odd number of backslashes). Python 2 also distinguishes two types of strings: 8-bit ASCII ("bytes") strings (the default), explicitly indicated with a b or B prefix, and Unicode strings ...
This is the set of all strings that can be made by concatenating any finite number (including zero) of strings from the set described by R. For example, if R denotes {"0", "1"}, (R*) denotes the set of all finite binary strings (including the empty string).
Strings with unbalanced quotes or braces, or non-space characters directly following closing braces, cannot be parsed as lists directly. You can explicitly split them to make a list. The "constructor" for lists is of course called list. It's recommended to use when elements come from variable or command substitution (braces won't do that).