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Styrene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH=CH 2. Its structure consists of a vinyl group as substituent on benzene. Styrene is a colorless, oily liquid, although aged samples can appear yellowish. The compound evaporates easily and has a sweet smell, although high concentrations have a less pleasant odor.
Styrene, for example, is distilled at temperatures above 100 °C whereupon it undergoes thermal polymerisation at a rate of ~2% per hour. [1] This polymerisation is undesirable, as it can foul the fractionating tower ; it is also typically exothermic , which can lead to a runaway reaction and potential explosion if left unchecked.
Styrene oxide is an epoxide derived from styrene. It can be prepared by epoxidation of styrene with peroxybenzoic acid, in the Prilezhaev reaction: [1] Styrene oxide is slightly soluble in water. A trace amount of acid in water causes hydrolysis to racemic phenylethyleneglycol via a benzylic cation.
Styrene acrylonitrile resin (SAN) is a copolymer plastic consisting of styrene and acrylonitrile. It is widely used in place of polystyrene owing to its greater thermal resistance. The chains of between 70 and 80% by weight styrene and 20 to 30% acrylonitrile. [ 1 ]
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The styrene monomer (from which polystyrene is made) is a cancer suspect agent. [109] Styrene is "generally found in such low levels in consumer products that risks aren't substantial". [110] Polystyrene which is used for food contact may not contain more than 1% (0.5% for fatty foods) of styrene by weight. [111]
Vinyl ester resin, or often just vinyl ester, is a resin produced by the esterification of an epoxy resin with acrylic or methacrylic acids. [1] The "vinyl" groups refer to these ester substituents, which are prone to polymerize and thus an inhibitor is usually added.
Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA or SMAnh) is a synthetic polymer that is built-up of styrene and maleic anhydride monomers. In one copolymer , the monomers can be almost perfectly alternating. [ 1 ] but (random) copolymerisation with less than 50% maleic anhydride content is also possible. [ 2 ]