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The included cancer types are the ones causing most death as per data from the US in 2008. [1] Lung cancer, mainly to adrenal glands, brain, and bone [2] Breast cancer, mainly to bone, liver, lung and brain. [3] Colon cancer, mainly to liver. [4] Pancreatic cancer, mainly to liver and lungs. [5] Melanoma, mainly to brain [6]
Cancer cells have unique features that make them "immortal" according to some researchers. The enzyme telomerase is used to extend the cancer cell's life span. While the telomeres of most cells shorten after each division, eventually causing the cell to die, telomerase extends the cell's telomeres. This is a major reason that cancer cells can ...
The following is a list of cancer types. Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal increases in the number of cells, with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [1] Not all tumors or lumps are cancerous; benign tumors are not classified as being cancer because they do not spread to other parts of the body. [1]
Globally, pancreatic cancer is the 11th most-common cancer in women and the 12th most-common in men. [10] The majority of recorded cases occur in developed countries . [ 10 ] People from the United States have an average lifetime risk of about 1 in 67 (or 1.5%) of developing the disease, [ 114 ] slightly higher than the figure for the UK. [ 115 ]
G (1–4): the grade of the cancer cells (i.e. they are "low grade" if they appear similar to normal cells, and "high grade" if they appear poorly differentiated) S (0–3): elevation of serum tumor markers; R (0–2): the completeness of the operation (resection-boundaries free of cancer cells or not) Pn (0–1): invasion into adjunct nerves
Grading in cancer is distinguished from staging, which is a measure of the extent to which the cancer has spread. Pathology grading systems classify the microscopic cell appearance abnormality and deviations in their rate of growth with the goal of predicting developments at tissue level (see also the 4 major histological changes in dysplasia ).
All ages, [3] most common in 60s and 70s. [4] It is the most common malignant cancer in children, but the cure rates are also higher for them. Causes: Inherited and environmental factors [5] Risk factors: Smoking, family history, ionizing radiation, some chemicals such as trichloroethylene, prior chemotherapy, Down syndrome. [3] [5] Diagnostic ...
A circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a cancer cell from a primary tumor that has shed into the blood of the circulatory system, or the lymph of the lymphatic system. [1] CTCs are carried around the body to other organs where they may leave the circulation and become the seeds for the subsequent growth of secondary tumors.