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Entrapment of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is caused by compression of the nerve near the anterior superior iliac spine and the inguinal ligament. [2] This causes meralgia paraesthetica (Bernhardt-Roth syndrome). [2] [5] This may be diagnosed with ultrasound, which changes the morphology of the nerve. [1]
Meralgia paresthetica is a specific instance of nerve entrapment. [5] The nerve involved is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). [6] [7] [4] [8] The symptoms are purely sensory because the LFCN has no motor function. [4] This syndrome can be caused by anything which places prolonged pressure on the LFCN, such as wearing a tight belt.
Sometimes compression occurs in areas that are not considered tunnels and where a nerve passes between two mechanically stiffer tissue types that can squeeze or pinch the soft nerve. Examples include the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at the inguinal ligament [8] and the middle cluneal nerves at the long posterior sacroiliac ligament. [9]
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).
Dysfunction of the superior cluneal nerves is often due to entrapment as the nerves cross the iliac crest – this can result in numbness, tingling or pain in the low back and upper buttocks region. Superior cluneal nerve dysfunction is a clinical diagnosis that can be supported by diagnostic nerve blocks. [1]
Another branch observed, that is mentioned in passing in previous literature is the medial branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. [3]In a 2021 study by Steele et al. (Annals of Anatomy), a medial branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve was observed in approximately 36% of lower extremities dissected (n=208) with an average diameter of 1.47 ± 0.655 mm with a 95% CI of 1.31 – 1.625 mm.
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The infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve is a nerve of the lower limb. [1] The saphenous nerve, located about the middle of the thigh, gives off a branch which joins the subsartorial plexus. It pierces the sartorius and fascia lata, and is distributed to the skin in front of the patella.