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During the course of the war, the Seljuk Turks and their allies attacked the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt, capturing Jerusalem and catalyzing the call for the First Crusade. Crusader assistance to the Byzantine Empire was mixed with treachery and looting, although substantial gains were made in the First Crusade.
The war with Fatimid Egypt began when the First Crusade invaded Fatimid territory and started the Siege of Jerusalem in 1099. Soon after, the Crusaders stormed and captured the city. The war between the newly established Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and Fatimid Egypt continued until Saladin became the effective ruler of Egypt in 1169.
1092–1105 Seljuk civil war. The Ismailis expand into Fars, Arrajan, Kirman, and Iraq; 1093 The Ismailis defeat the Sunnis of Rayy; November 1096 (or 1102) Isma'ili Kiya Buzurg Ummid captures Lambsar Castle. 1095 Nizari–Musta'li schism. Fatimid Caliphate begins to decline. 1095 Nizaris acquire Takrit. 1100 Nizaris acquire Gerdkuh on the ...
The Fatimid Caliphate (/ ˈ f æ t ɪ m ɪ d /; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْفَاطِمِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
In the following two decades they conquered Iran, Iraq and the Near East. The Seljuks and their followers were Sunni Muslims, which led to conflict in Palestine and Syria with the Shi'ite Fatimid Caliphate. Anatolian Seljuk horseman, in Varka and Golshah, mid-13th century miniature (detail), Konya, Sultanate of Rum. [17] [18]
The Fatimid governor of the city, Iftikhar Ad-Daulah, managed to escape. [14] Historian Conor Kostick says that the number of people killed is a matter of debate, with the figure of 70,000 given by the Muslim historian Ibn al-Athir (writing c.1200) considered to be a significant exaggeration; 40,000 is plausible, given the city's population had ...
The Seljuk Empire was founded in 1037 by Tughril (990–1063) and his brother Chaghri (989–1060), both of whom co-ruled over its territories; there are indications that the Seljuk leadership otherwise functioned as a triumvirate and thus included Musa Yabghu, the uncle of the aforementioned two.
1110–1117: Renewed war with the Seljuk Turks. Initial Turkish advances are reversed in a treaty concluded after the Byzantine victory at the Battle of Philomelion. 1124–1126: War with Venice over the non-renewal of trading privileges by John II Komnenos. The Venetian fleet ravaged the coasts of Greece, forcing the emperor to back down.