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A full-duplex (FDX) system allows communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. [6] [7] [8] Land-line telephone networks are full-duplex since they allow both callers to speak and be heard at the same time. Full-duplex operation is achieved on a two-wire circuit through the use of a hybrid coil ...
In operational terms, a telecommunication circuit may be capable of transmitting information in only one direction (simplex circuit), or it may be bi-directional (duplex circuit). Bi-directional circuits may support half- duplex operation , when only one end of the channel transmits at any one time, or they may support full-duplex operation ...
RS-485, like RS-422, can be made full-duplex by using four wires. [8] Since RS-485 is a multi-point specification, however, this is not necessary or desirable in many cases. RS-485 and RS-422 can interoperate with certain restrictions.
In a full-duplex system, both users can communicate at the same time. A telephone is the most common example of a full-duplex system because both users can speak and be heard at the same time on each end. Some types of full-duplexing methods are: Time-division duplex (TDD) Frequency-division duplex (FDD) Echo cancellation
A switch allows for many conversations to occur simultaneously. Before switches, networks based on hubs data could only allow transmission in one direction at a time, this was called half-duplex. By using a switch this restriction is removed; full-duplex communication is maintained and the network is collision free. [2]
An optical multiplexer is used to split transmit and receive signals into different wavelengths (1530 and 1310 nm) allowing them to share the same fiber. Supports up to 10 km, full-duplex only. [13] 100BASE-LX10: 802.3ah-2004 (58) ST, SC, LC: 100 Mbit/s Ethernet up to 10 km over a pair of single-mode fibers, using 1310 wavelength, full-duplex ...
The two separate circuits (channels) allow full-duplex operation with low crosstalk. In telephony a four-wire circuit was historically used to transport and switch baseband audio signals in the phone company telephone exchange before the advent of digital modulation and the electronic switching system eliminated baseband audio from the telco ...
STREAMS's design is a modular architecture for implementing full-duplex I/O between kernel and device drivers. Its most frequent uses have been in developing terminal I/O (line discipline) and networking subsystems. In System V Release 4, the entire terminal interface was reimplemented using STREAMS. [1]