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Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Sodium carbonate is obtained as three hydrates and as the anhydrous salt: sodium carbonate decahydrate , Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O, which readily effloresces to form the monohydrate. sodium carbonate heptahydrate (not known in mineral form), Na 2 CO 3 ·7H 2 O. sodium carbonate monohydrate (thermonatrite), Na 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O. Also known as crystal ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Ferrous carbonate can be prepared by reacting solution of the two ions, such as iron(II) chloride and sodium carbonate: [5]. FeCl 2 + Na 2 CO 3 → FeCO 3 + 2 NaCl. Ferrous carbonate can be prepared also from solutions of an iron(II) salt, such as iron(II) perchlorate, with sodium bicarbonate, releasing carbon dioxide: [6]
Dakin's original solution contained sodium hypochlorite (0.4% to 0.5%), prepared by treating calcium hypochlorite with sodium carbonate ("washing soda"). The solution left after removal of the insoluble calcium carbonate still contained some soda. [7] Boric acid (4%) was then added as a buffering agent to maintain a pH of between 9 and 10.
The reaction between sodium hydroxide and some metals is also hazardous. Aluminium, magnesium, zinc, tin, chromium, brass and bronze all react with lye to produce hydrogen gas. Since hydrogen is flammable, mixing a large quantity of lye with aluminium could result in an explosion. Both the potassium and sodium forms are able to dissolve copper.
Green rust is a generic name for various green crystalline chemical compounds containing iron(II) and iron(III) cations, the hydroxide (OH −) anion, and another anion such as carbonate (CO 2− 3), chloride (Cl −), or sulfate (SO 2− 4), in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) structure. The most studied varieties are the following: [1]
In the wet oxidation method, K 2 FeO 4 is prepared by oxidizing an alkaline solution of an iron(III) salt. Generally, this method employs either ferrous (Fe II) or ferric (Fe III) salts as the source of iron ions, calcium, sodium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO) 2, NaClO), sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3) or chlorine (Cl 2) as oxidizing agents and, finally, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (NaOH, NaCO ...